Dr. Mercola
The Buteyko breathing method - named after the Russian doctor who developed the technique - is a powerful approach to combating health problems associated with poor breathing, the most common of which are hyperpnea and mouth breathing.
When you stop breathing through your mouth and return to a normal breathing volume, your tissues and organs, including your brain, are better oxygenated.
Factors in modern life such as stress, processed foods, the belief that it is healthy to take deep breaths, and lack of exercise, increase your daily breathing.
Characteristics of hyperpnoea include breathing through the mouth, upper chest, sighing, noticeable breathing at rest, and taking deep breaths before speaking.
Patrick McKeown, whom Dr. Buteyko empowered in 2002, a year before he passed away, is now one of the leading teachers of the Buteyko Method worldwide. He has been teaching full time in Ireland, where he is a native, and around the world for the past 11 years.
I learned the technique over 20 years ago, when it was commonly recommended for treating asthma. But I never managed to integrate it properly into my practice, so I gave it up and lost interest in it until Joy Moeller, with whom I practiced myofascial therapy, told me about it.
How the Buteyko method could benefit you
Apart from asthma and hypertension, the Buteyko method is useful in many other areas, such as anxiety and sleep apnea. The way you breathe affects the oxygenation of your organs. The harmful effects of mouth breathing, hyperventilation and hyperpnea are well documented.
The Buteyko method is based on the principle that your survival requires food, water and air. Naturally, the quality of each of these elements is extremely important, but in the case of air, few people realise that the amount of air they breathe can have a profound impact on their health.
Interestingly, processed foods, which tend to acidify your blood in an attempt to maintain a normal pH, will make you breathe harder. This is because one of the roles of carbon dioxide in your blood is to regulate pH. Apart from water, raw fruit and vegetables have the least impact on your breathing, followed by cooked vegetables.
Ready-made meals, rich in proteins and cereals, have the most harmful effects on your breathing.
The Buteyko method teaches you to bring your breathing volume back to a normal level, or in other words, to reverse what is called chronic hyperventilation or chronic hyperpnea. When your breathing is normal, your tissues and organs, including your brain, are better oxygenated.
Rhinitis, characterised by nasal congestion and discharge, is a common cause of mouth breathing. This in turn is associated with problems that become increasingly troublesome:
- Fatigue
- Poor sleep quality and insomnia
- Mood disorders
- Snoring and obstructive sleep apnea
- ADHD
The effects of nitric oxide
Nitric oxide is a gas found in the nose, so when you breathe through your nose, you inhale a small amount into your lungs. As Patrick McKeown explains, nitric oxide plays a significant role in homeostasis, or maintaining balance in your body. Nitric oxide is also :
- An important bronchodilator
- An antibacterial agent that helps neutralise germs and bacteria
- A vasodilator
This is one of the amazing aspects of Buteyko therapy that I have noticed. When you breathe exclusively through your nose and give up mouth breathing, your nose starts to run and you have to blow your nose frequently. But surprisingly, your nasal passages eventually become much larger and it becomes much easier to breathe through your nose than through your mouth.
This is true even during intensive exercise such as Peak Fitness.
It may take several months to achieve this, but then you will rarely, if ever, need to breathe through your mouth again, even under the most extreme conditions.
Asthmatics usually breathe through the mouth. They also tend to breathe harder and have a higher breathing rate than healthy people. According to Patrick, there is a feedback loop, in that too much breathing coming into your lungs causes a disturbance in blood gases, including the loss of carbon dioxide (CO2).
Contrary to popular belief, carbon dioxide is not simply a waste gas. Although breathing is used to remove excess CO2, it is important to have a normal breathing volume to maintain a certain amount of CO2 in the lungs.
When your airways constrict, this causes increased breathing, which is a normal compensatory mechanism response. However, this causes further loss of carbon dioxide, and the cooling of your airways closes them even further. In other words, asthma symptoms feed the disease.
You can test this by taking five or six deep breaths through your mouth. Most people feel dizzy or lightheaded. You may think that by breathing harder through your mouth you are letting more oxygen into your body, so you should feel better, but in fact the opposite is true.
This is because you are removing too much carbon dioxide from your lungs, which causes your blood vessels to constrict - hence the dizziness. So the harder you breathe, the less oxygen is delivered to your body, because the lack of carbon dioxide causes your blood vessels to constrict.
The role of breathing in sport
The way you breathe also affects your heart, and Patrick has been studying the effects of breathing on sport for two years. Generally, athletes who suffer a cardiac arrest or heart attack are not likely to have heart problems. Most of them are in good physical shape.
Patrick also looks at high-intensity training from the perspective of breath-holding (which I discuss in the next section).
Mouth breathing exercises
Fortunately, it is quite easy to treat mouth breathing. Simply take a gentle breath in through your nose, then gently exhale through your nose. Then pinch your nose while gently nodding your head and holding your breath for as long as possible. Then let go of your nose and breathe in through your nose again.
Wait about 30 seconds to a minute and then repeat the exercise.
Bear in mind that, although this is a perfectly safe exercise for most people, if you have any heart problems, such as high blood pressure, are pregnant, suffer from type 1 diabetes or panic attacks, do not hold your breath beyond the first feeling of shortness of air.
The Buteyko method includes a useful tool, which is a simple concept called the control pause. The control pause informs you of your relative breathing volume. To get an accurate indication, you should rest for 10 minutes before taking the measurement.
- Simply breathe in through your nose silently and then breathe out silently through your nose as well.
- Pinch your nose between your fingers to prevent air from entering your lungs.
- Count the seconds until you feel the urge to breathe.
At the first urge to breathe in, you may also feel the first involuntary movements of your breathing muscles. Your stomach may jerk and the area around your neck may contract.
Your inhalation at the end of the breath should be calm.
Let go of your nose and breathe through your nose.
Remember that taking your control break involves holding your breath only until you feel the involuntary movements of your breathing muscles, or the first sign of your body urging you to "breathe in". If you have to take a deep breath after holding your breath, it means you have held it too long.
A very good control pause lasts about 40 seconds, and a good pause about 30 seconds.
A control pause of 25 seconds indicates that you can improve, while a control pause of 15 seconds or less is indicative of respiratory conditions (asthma, wheezing, coughing, chest tightness, or nasal problems), sleep-disordered breathing (insomnia, fatigue, snoring, or obstructive sleep apnea), or anxiety problems (excessive worrying, severe stress, trouble concentrating), or any other condition resulting from chronic hyperpnea.
My experience with the Buteyko breathing method
I don't think I was breathing through my mouth during normal activities, but during my high intensity training I was hyperventilating at maximum, mouth open. I had the impression that this was the best way to maximise my oxygen intake. But my impression was totally wrong.
However, after getting back into the Buteyko method, I gradually tried to keep my mouth closed during my Peak Fitness exercises. It's quite easy for the first couple of sets, but it gets progressively more difficult.
I actually surprised myself because I had tried this method three or four years ago on the advice of John Douillard, an athlete who promotes this type of breathing. At the time, I had given up because it seemed too difficult.
But now that I understand better the importance of this technique, I tried it again and decided to do it gradually. With perseverance and after about a month, I was able to do all of my Peak Fitness exercises with my heart rate well above my calculated maximum of 162 and my mouth closed.
Before that, I thought I would never be able to do it. I have been doing this for several months now and I can breathe very comfortably through my nose without feeling like I am running out of air. From my point of view, this has been a real improvement and I am very happy to have tried again and persevered.
However, I did notice at the beginning that my nose started to run. I had to blow my nose after training. But I eventually reached a point where the runny nose and the need to blow my nose disappeared completely, and I just breathe better. Again, practicing the exercise to unblock your nose (described above) will help you get past this congestion.
Breathing exercises to ease panic attacks and anxiety
Here's another breathing exercise that can help if you suffer from anxiety or panic attacks, or if you're feeling very stressed and your mind is racing: gently breathe in and out through your nose; hold your nose for five seconds to hold your breath, then release to resume breathing. Breathe normally for 10 seconds.
Repeat the sequence. Short inhalation and exhalation through the nose, hold the breath for five seconds, then blow out and breathe normally for 10 seconds. This sequence helps to retain and gently build up carbon dioxide, which allows you to breathe more calmly and reduces anxiety. In other words, the need to breathe will decrease as you feel more relaxed.