Though again, the details are beyond the scope of this article, Kelley specifically associated certain illness with sympathetic dominance, particularly digestive diseases such as ulcer disease, colitis, or irritable bowel. Such people can be predisposed to anxiety, but rarely suffer from depression, and rarely report allergies.
Parasympathetics, with their very efficient gut, escape most digestive problems, but are subject to allergies, asthma, chronic bronchitis, hypothyroidism, and chronic fatigue. They can, if the parasympathetic system becomes too overly domineering, end up in melancholic depressions.
And it was Kelley who first proposed that cancer occurs only in a state of autonomic imbalance, and that each of the two extreme groups, the sympathetic and parasympathetic dominants, fall victim to certain malignancies. The common solid tumors – the cancers of the breast, lung, colon, pancreas, liver, uterus, ovaries, prostate – Kelley believed forty years ago strike only sympathetic dominants, never parasympathetics. In contrast, the immunological malignancies – leukemia, lymphoma, myeloma – seem to inflict only those with a strong PNS, never sympathetic dominants.
Balanced folk, Kelley claimed and as we see in our experience today, tend to be the healthiest among us, generally immune to the diseases of the autonomic extremes including cancer. In my 19 years of practice, I have never seen a cancer patient whose autonomic branches, when first seen in my office, proved in be in balance.
Though Pottenger and Gellhorn broke important scientific ground, each in his own way, it was Kelley who first associated states of autonomic dominance with very specific dietary and nutritional needs. Kelley proposed that those with a strong SNS do best eating more vegetarian, dining primarily on plants. The parasympathetic dominants are the meat eaters, the carnivores, who thrive on animal protein and animal fat in all its forms - saturated, unsaturated and even cholesterol - while doing poorly on excessive amounts of fruits, vegetables, nuts, seeds and grains. These are the patients that just can’t tolerate grains.
Balanced people, in between the two autonomic extremes, do well at a buffet (preferably organic of course) choosing and eating a variety of natural food types of both plant and animal origin, including fruits, vegetables, nuts, seeds, whole grains, eggs, dairy, fish, poultry, and red meat (though not nearly in the quantities needed by a typical parasympathetic dominant).
So, Kelley had come to associate each of the three autonomic groups with specific dietary needs and specific illnesses. But, inquisitive scientist that he was, Kelley took his evolving model of human biology to the next level, explaining why this should be the case, why each autonomic type seemed to require, for optimal health, a unique diet, so different from the optimal diets of the other two groups. Carefully, with the help of the scientific literature, he began to put the pieces of this complicated metabolic jigsaw puzzle together, a process we have continued ourselves to this day.
If we look first at the details of a vegetarian type diet, plant foods provide nutrients that neutralize metabolic acids, and ultimately push the blood and body fluids in an alkaline direction. In an alkaline environment, sympathetic activity slows dramatically, while parasympathetic firing strongly perks up. In addition, plant foods of various sorts, whether fruit or vegetable, provide certain minerals in large amounts such as magnesium and potassium, which together serve to slow down the sympathetics and rev up the parasympathetics. Such thoughts aren’t just from Kelley: academic physiologists have known for years that magnesium does block sympathetic activity, and potassium directly stimulates the PNS into action.
Certain B vitamins richly supplied in plant foods, such as thiamin, riboflavin and folic acid, stimulate the parasympathetics and block sympathetic firing. And nuts, seeds, grains and even leafy greens provide large amounts of linoleic acid, an essential omega 6, which similarly inhibits the sympathetics and turns on the parasympathetics.
So, if we put all this information together, a vegetarian type diet, because of its alkalinizing effect, because of its specific nutritional profile, its collection of minerals, vitamins, and fatty acids, will tend to slow down sympathetic activity, turn on the parasympathetics and bring the out of balance autonomic system of a sympathetic dominant into, or at least toward, balance. As the autonomic branches move into equilibrium, the various tissues, organs and glands work more efficiently and appropriately, none too strong nor too weak. Health improves, and disease, whatever it may be, tends to regress.
Red meat contains large amounts of sulfates and phosphates which in the body quickly convert into sulfuric and phosphoric acid, both of which, like any metabolic acid, strongly stimulate the SNS. In addition, the four amino acids phenylalanine, tyrosine, aspartic and glutamic acid, which red meat provides in abundant quantities, one way or another do the same. Phenylalanine and tyrosine specifically serve as precursors to the neurotransmitter norepinephrine, without which the SNS can do nothing, and aspartic and glutamic acid each turn on the sympathetic centers of the hypothalamus. Certain B vitamins, like B12, found in red meat exert similar influences, activating the sympathetics, and blocking the PNS. The saturated fatty acids richly supplied in red meat, often seen as one of its detriments, also powerfully stimulate the sympathetic nerves. So for all these reasons – its acidifying effect, its amino acid, vitamin and fatty acid profile, red meat perfectly suits the needs of a parasympathetic dominant, acting to stimulate the weak SNS, toning down the overly strong PNS, and bringing the two autonomic branches – and the various tissues, organs, and glands - into more efficient equilibrium. With such balance, once again, health improves, disease tends to regress.
A diet providing both plant and animal products in roughly equal amounts yields nutrients that stimulate and suppress both autonomic branches. For a balanced metabolizer, born into sympathetic-parasympathetic equality, a variety of foods will help maintain their inherent physiologic status quo.
We, like Kelley before us, use not only diet, but also supplements, with the specific aim in each patient to move their SNS and PNS into harmony. In the alternative medical world, practitioners prescribe many supplements for many reasons, but in our office autonomic balance remains always the primary goal. For our vegetarian, sympathetic dominant patients, we generally recommend very large doses of magnesium, some potassium, but very little calcium, which we find stimulates the sympathetic nerves into action. For these people we also prescribe chromium and manganese, which have a similar parasympathetisizing effect. We also find useful the B vitamins, like thiamin, riboflavin and folate, which specifically suppress the sympathetic nerves and stimulate the PNS. We suggest these patients avoid certain Bs like B12, inositol and choline, which to the contrary stimulate sympathetic activity.
Our parasympathetics, in terms of supplements, usually do best with large amounts of calcium, but must avoid all but the smallest doses of magnesium and potassium, each of which would only serve to stimulate their already hyperactive PNS, and suppress their already weak SNS. We do include in their protocols extra zinc, which we believe to be a sympathetic stimulant, but keep to a minimum chromium and manganese. We also limit thiamin, riboflavin and folate, but often prescribe fairly large amounts of B12, choline and inositol, each of which serves to turn on their weak sympathetic nerves while suppressing the overly active parasympathetic system. We frequently suggest for them fairly large doses of the omega-3 fatty acids for their sympathetisizing effect, often from fish oil as the most suitable source, but restrict to a minimum the omega-6 class.
For our balanced patients, we prescribe a variety of supplemental nutrients in moderate doses that stimulate and suppress both autonomic branches, including magnesium, potassium, calcium, chromium, manganese and zinc, all the Bs, and a mixture of fatty acids, both the omega-3 and omega-6 varieties. In this way, their inherent autonomic balance stays steady, in place, moving neither into sympathetic nor parasympathetic extreme. We try to keep them exactly where they should be, in balance.
For our cancer patients, as with all our patients, we use diet and various nutrients, including the minerals, trace elements, vitamins and fatty acids to push their ANS into equilibrium. Though autonomic balancing remains a crucial goal for our cancer patients, as Kelley believed decades ago, and as we believe today, it is not in and of itself sufficient to beat the disease once it has become firmly established. All our cancer patients, regardless of their autonomic profile, must also take, in addition to their other supplements, large quantities of orally ingested pancreatic enzymes derived from the pig pancreas, for a direct anti-cancer effect. This enzyme product remains the mainstay of our cancer protocols, as it was for Kelley, based on the work of the brilliant Scottish scientist, Dr. John Beard. It was Beard who first suggested to the consternation of the medical world that pancreatic proteolytic enzymes represent the body’s main defense against cancer and would be the ideal treatment of the disease.