Brown's Gas boasts a plethora of unusual characteristics that defy current chemistry. It has a cool flame of
about 130°C (266°F), yet melts steel, brick and many other materials. Confusingly, research both confirms and
rebuffs many claims about it, leading to a smorgasbord of theories today seeking to explain its unusual proper-
ties. One possible theory, currently gaining support even from establishment science, depicts "plasma orbital expansion of the electron in a water molecule". In this process, unlike electrolysis, the water molecule "bends" into a linear, dipole-free geometry. This linear water molecule expands to gain electrons in the d sub-shell, and these extra electrons produce different effects on different target materials. Electrons that scatter at point of con-tact produce heat based upon electrical conductivity, density and thermal capacity of the material. It also shows why Rydberg clusters are a part of browns gas and how the linear water molecule needs these clusters to sur-vive. This paper will explain this new theory and why it is gaining popularity among scientist in academia.
Introduction
George Wiseman defines Brown’s Gas (I agree with this definition) as "the entire mixture of gasses evolving from an electrolyzer specifically designed to electrolyze water and not separate the resulting gasses." Brown’s Gas is unique. It has testable properties that show something is different about this
gas. This paper shows the possibilities that exist to help explain this phenomenon.
One of the key differences in Browns gas is that some of the water molecules go into an excited isomer plasma state; hence Brown’s Gas has more energy density because water molecules
have more energy and are in small clusters called Rydberg Clusters. Rydberg Clusters are atoms and (or) molecules that are weakly bound by the electrons and the electromagnetic force together in miniature clusters. Plasmas are partially ionized gas, in which a certain proportion of electrons are free rather than
being bound to an atom or molecule. The ability of the positive and negative charges to move somewhat independently makes the plasma electrically conductive so that it responds strongly to
electromagnetic fields.
In Brown’s Gas there is a unique form of plasma in which electrons are weakly held rather
than free floating. This is known as "Non-equilibrium plasma" or "cold plasma”. In this
type of plasma the electrons have high energies but the molecules or atoms that hold th
e extra electrons are relatively unenergetic. In a Brown’s Gas torch, these extra electrons are
what produce the immense heat, while the molecule or atoms releasing these electrons remains relatively cool. By definition, an isomer is any molecule that has the same number and type of atoms, like H2O is always going to be water, but the structure or orientation of those atoms in the molecule may be different.
In Rydberg clusters this new form of water can exist much longer than if by itself. This allows the gas to hold more energy than normal H2 and O2 mixed and ignited.
Isomers of Water
There are ways to determine the stability of isomers. Some isomers of molecules are naturally stable, but most of these unusual isomer states are unstable and will not last long. One method is to determine how much hold the atoms in a molecule have for their electrons and how much room there would be formore. The original water molecules exist in a sp3 hybridized state whereas the “linear” molecule would have to use the d sub-shell of the n = 3 shell to become a sp3d hybrid state. This allows for the expansion of the extra electrons (but it will not hold them for long). Upon relaxation it would resume its original state
reclaiming its polarity and attraction to other water molecules.
The water molecule would go from the tetrahedral and bent shape (4 electron pairs, 2 used and 2 not used) to the trigonal bipyramidal (5 electron pairs, 2 used, 3 not used) and linear shapes, as in Figure 1.
The energy that was soaked in to the new state is not very stable and will quickly release the extra electrons and fall back into its regular state (just water). Rydberg clusters hold it in this new state and will cause the isomer to last much longer then if this isomer were by itself. Water in most forms is a great
insulator. However in this odd form of “electric steam” it would act very much like a conductor. Indeed, Browns gas seems to be great at conducting electricity.
This new ‘electric steam’ is a form of plasma where only the electrons would be excited, and the water molecules would be much cooler. Water vapor molecules will be broken up in the plasma, but we find that Brown’s Gas has a significant amount of water in it. This would actually be absorbing a huge amount of energy and lower the total amount of energy per liter, but this is not the case. The water is protected if in a non-equilibrium plasma state. This means that it still water but has a ‘shell’ or ‘layer’ of electrons being carried piggy-back by the water as seen in figure 1. Also Rydberg clusters hold more energy density and
keep the new water isomer stable longer.
Brown’s Gas Plasma Reaction to Materials
Brown’s Gas will produce a different temperature at point of contact depending on the target material. This is because electrons that scatter at point of contact produce heat based upon the melting or vapor point of the material, electrical conductivity, density and thermal capacity of the material (how much heat it will absorb). The extra electrons in the Brown’s Gas will repel nearby electrons of the target material. The electron’s new neighbor electron in the target material finds it repulsive, and will move away, creating a chain of interactions that propagates through the material at near the speed of light. The drift velocity (electrons movement in a material) is usually fractions of a millimeter per second, but if there are too many electrons in one spot, the target will fall apart, at an atomic scale, due to the sudden introduction of the new electrons and the repelling negative forces. These high energy electrons will not travel as fast as the gas was traveling, when it hits the surface of something the electrons will slow down significantly, thus releasing their kinetic energy as heat; the more dense and resistive the material the hotter it will be, the less dense or more conductive the material results in less heat being generated. Almost everything gets hotter when
used as a resistor for electricity.
