1957

Dwight Eisenhower uses well-armed federal troops (including the 101st Airborne) to desegregate schools (over strong state resistance) in Little Rock Arkansas. The “D-Day” parallel is. . . Future American President, William Clinton is living in Arkansas at this time. It has now been documented that millions of doses of LSD were produced and disseminated under the aegis of the CIA’s Operation MK-Ultra. LSD became the drug of choice within the agency itself, and was passed out freely to friends of the family, including a substantial number of OSS veterans. For instance, it was OSS Research and Analysis Branch veteran Gregory Bateson who ‘turned on’ the Beat poet Allen Ginsberg to a U.S. Navy LSD experiment in Palo Alto, California. Not only Ginsberg, but novelist Ken Kesey and the original members of the Grateful Dead rock group opened the doors of perception courtesy of the Navy. The guru of the ‘psychedelic revolution’, Timothy Leary, first heard about hallucinogens in 1957 from Life magazine (whose publisher, Henry Luce, was often given government acid, like many other opinion shapers), and began his career as a CIA contract employee; at a 1977 ‘reunion’ of acid pioneers, Leary openly admitted, ‘everything I am, I owe to the foresight of the CIA’.” [Michael J. Minnicino, “The New Dark Age The Frankfurt School and ‘Political Correctness‘”, Fidelio, v1 #1] The MK-Ultra program had moved six drugs into active use. In February,Sid Gottlieb organized field trial of psilocybin for injection into nine black inmates at the Addiction Center in Lexington, Kentucky. Scientists then measured their psychological responses. At the end of February, Dulles approved Ewen Cameron’s application for mind control experiments to be administered at McGill University Montreal, funded through the Society for Investigation of Human Ecology, a CIA organization. Cameron, the most prestigious psychiatrist in North America at the time, coined the terms “depatterning” and “psychic driving,” to describe what he did to people. He was also a leading proponent of lobotomies, or “psychic surgery.” Cameron began serious work on sensory deprivation, and created a “sleep room.” This dimly-lit dormitory of about twenty beds where patients were drugged, given electroshock, and lobotomized was referred to by the nurses as “The Zombie Room.” The experiments were conducted in Canada to keep them concealed and off U.S. soil. The Canadian government was unaware of these activities. Hugh Everett did his undergraduate study in chemical engineering at the Catholic University of America. Studying von Neumann’s and Bohm’s textbooks as part of his graduate studies, under Wheeler, in mathematical physics at Princeton University in the 1950s, (at the same time Nash was there), he became dissatisfied with the collapse of the wave function. While he was at Princeton, during discussions with Charles Misner and Aage Peterson (Bohr’s assistant, then visiting Princeton), he developed his “relative state” formulation. Wheeler encouraged his work and preprints were circulated in January 1956 to a number of physicists. A condensed version of his thesis was published as a paper for The Role of Gravity in Physics conference held at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, in January 1957. Not long afterward, Everett flew to Copenhagen to meet with Niels Bohr and discuss his ideas, but Bohr gave him the bum’s rush and brush off, and this was the general response he received from physicists in general. Everett left physics after completing his Ph.D., going to work as a defense analyst at the Weapons Systems Evaluation Group, Pentagon and later became a private contractor. He was very successful, becoming a multimillionaire. In 1968 Everett worked for the Lambda Corporation, now subsidiary of General Research Corporation in McLean, Virginia. His published papers during this period cover things like optimizing resource allocation and maximizing kill rates during nuclear-weapon campaigns. With the steady growth of interest in Many-Worlds in the late 1970s Everett began to make plans to return to academia in order to do more work on measurement in quantum theory. In the late 70s, he visited Austin, Texas, at Wheeler’s or DeWitt’s invitation, to give some lectures on Quantum Mechanics. Not long afterward, he died of a heart attack in 1982. He was only 52 years old. Laos – The CIA carries out approximately one coup per year trying to nullify Laos’ democratic elections. The problem is the Pathet Lao, a leftist group with enough popular support to be a member of any coalition government. In the late 50s, the CIA even creates an “Army Clandestine” of Asian mercenaries to attack the Pathet Lao. After the CIA’s army suffers numerous defeats, the U.S. starts bombing, dropping more bombs on Laos than all the U.S. bombs dropped in World War II. A quarter of all Laotians will eventually become refugees, many living in caves. A federal court orders Central High School in Little Rock to integrate. Governor Orval E. Faubus sends the Arkansas National Guard to block integration and preserve order. 9 black pupils are barred from the school. A federal court orders Faubus to comply–he withdraws the troops. A mob prevents the students from staying at school. President Dwight D. Eisenhower puts the National Guard under federal control and sends 1,000 U.S. Army troops to enforce the court order. U.S. military and then National Guard troops maintain order during the school year. Senator John F. Kennedy is awarded the Pulitzer Prize for his book,Profiles in Courage. Senator Lyndon Johnson is made Senate majority leader. He will follow a policy of compromise, which results in unusual cooperation between Republican and Democratic senators. Admiral Delmar Fahrney “Reliable reports indicate there are objects coming into our atmosphere at very high speeds and controlled by thinking intelligences.” A public statement, 1957. “No agency in this country or Russia is able to duplicate at this time the speeds and accelerations which radars and observers indicate these flying objects are able to achieve.” Printed in New York Times. Admiral Fahrney was former head of the Navy’s guided-missile program. Major General Joe W. Kelly “Air Force interceptors still pursue Unidentified Flying Objects as a matter of national security to this country and to determine technical aspects involved.” Kelly made this statement in 1957. Roscoe Hillenkoetter “It is time for the truth to be brought out in open Congressional hearings. Behind the scenes high ranking Air Force officers are soberly concerned about the UFOs. But through official secrecy and ridicule, many citizens are led to believe the unknown flying objects are nonsense.” Statement in a NICAP news release, February 27, 1960. Admiral Hillenkoetter was the first Director of the CIA, 1947-50. In 1957, he joined the Board of Governors of the National Investigations. Edward Ruppelt “There is sufficient evidence of flying saucer existence to warrant further investigation.” -Former Blue Book Chief Edward Ruppelt, to the press, November, 1957. “I’m positive they don’t (exist). There’s not even a glimmer of hope for the UFO.” -Edward Ruppelt, from his revised book 1960.